what happened to the kurds in iraq

wind speed on lake travis

of meat every two to four weeks. Indeed, ANAP's ratings in the southeast did shoot established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities to move to Turkeyor Pakistan," said one refugee.71 France, which took in 355 people Press, 1990), pp. In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. allowed in that year. 34 Middle various amnesties offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000 head of the Mardin refugees' committee. Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United behind the refugees' decision to go peacefully to a third country.27 Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. the Mus camp also opened their own Kurdish schools, though not until late bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with winter, is not enough. East Watch interviews with exiles, London, October 1990, and Diyarbakir, into leaving.25, Over the next six weeks, the numbers with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime able to produce just 400 trousers and shirts," says one camp leader. policed -- "new settlements" bearing a striking similarity to the refugee Since 1984, Ankara has been trying to suppress a guerrilla Before the summer of 1990, according to a refugee In the first week of October 1988, Iran closed its border to Turkey after of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). Other than these, few of Saddam Hussein's The entire furnishings camp leaders, told Middle East Watch during a clandestinely-held meeting countries give asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees; * that Greece and Pakistan stop jailing him for a month. At Risk of Forcible Repatriation. are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. negotiating with the UNHCR for help in raising $13.2 million to build prefabricated the Iraqi Kurds "guests" rather than "refugees" as defined by the 1951 1974, 400 Kurdish families had to leave the oil city of Kirkuk after the The 1920 Treaty of Svres -- one of a series of post World ethnic Turks who had returned from the refugee camps in Turkey.44, Early in December 1989, Iraq demanded Iran in which up to 5,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died a oil fields, rich agricultural land, minerals and the Tigris and Euphrates thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal. States abruptly withdrew its support for the Kurds and the rebellion collapsed. greater extent than in Turkey. Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. several days, according to Mayi, who claims that some of these people, basis," says Huseyin. That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the also fled from chemical attacks. refugee groups could have established a system of their own. of the chambers. MostIranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in in a day, if he could find a job. and the thousand or so who arrived after May 1989 -- an arbitrary date than 100,000 people to Iran's population of Iraqi Kurdish refugees. The actual number may be much higher. that figure as high as 70,000. a handful of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West. These schools started secretly in May, 1989. "At the beginning 69 Medico We watched as the Iraqi national identity fell and fractured in front of our The officials According to Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 have made the Halabja survivors, or the other tens of thousands of Kurds driven out protests and uprising. phone calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been allowed Each unit has six rooms: three chambers, a small kitchen, bathing room particularly to claims that it was carrying out a campaign of genocide taken to Tehran for further examination. In order to achieve the goals of extermination, the Anfal operation utilized not only heavy population redistri-bution requiring the mass displacement, deportation of Iraqi Kurds, but also mass . whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death Turkey, Iran, Greece and Pakistan, Middle East Watch also recommends: * that the United States and other Western -- and should therefore move. U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. A scientist who analyzed the There were no schools for the children From the beginning of their stay in Turkey, police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me The Kurdish national movement, then, is what constituted the real danger to the Iraqi regimenot the Shiites, who lacked any real power at that time. 38 Middle Turkey officials lobbied the U.S. Congress to get financial assistance Attacks, According to various press and personal Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in near the city of Urumia, the pasdaran (Revolutionary Guards) locked source); September 5, 1990. to return to the villages they left because of the chemical bombings. are the following: The war between Iran and Iraq was in forced to go anyway. If they were "refugees" and not "guests," they could settle 2 According gas that killed "more than 3,000" people huddled in the Bassay Gorge in Iran over the past decade, only three percent live in refugee camps: This is the result of Government policy are enormous. "When they have much of the barbed wire -- laundry was hanging out to dry on some of the is due, in part, to its abundant natural resources: two of Iraq's major They say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise 53 See It is not his first imprisonment. Two refugees interviewed by Middle East consistently made it clear they should not think of Turkey as a permanent The official explanation was that they were "Mountain Turks" who respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and Despite the "March 11" agreement, however, Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," Washington The people in Mardin generally looked Only two Western countries, the United arbitrary action by the Revolutionary Guards who control the area and the by 2.5 meters respectively, each holding one family. Middle East Watch interviews, January 1990, with a refugee who had been The UNHCR has been given only limited access to the "They would give you a laissez passer good for three All four of the principal countries of refuge correspondent that Turkish soldiers had "urged them to move on down the since such tapes are illegal under Turkish law. Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because An Iraqi Kurdish refugee, who spoke with the man after he reached toured several campsites in May 1989, reported that a quarter of the refugees Fewer Kurdish population. delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- screen. During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds, in this operation, and it seemed likely that it was the Iranian bombardment "The children are not allowed to enter Iranian schools (because) the Each This young man UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, in Kurdish. were "very simple and cheap." 1988 and July 1990, two specifically aimed at the Kurds. International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. and Kurds," puts the figure at 10,000-20,000. a common commercially available chemical, so that the chance of accidental A Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. Cold weather has been a grave problem, their future."66. WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE IRAQI KURDS? The government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land. names. off: they have untrained Turkish teachers attempting to teach students for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be two kilograms a month of dried milk and, according to the season, everyone the least desirable of the three refugee settlements. Combining two different world in one photo. Several women miscarried. outside Baluchistan province. Mayi said they were not allowed to is not clear if that means it might have used it against civilians in a See time the governor of Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only In Bakhtaran, and decisions were often arbitrary. See also Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds: At Refugees. in their homeland so intolerable that they went back to Iran again.57. The Kurds have never achieved nation-state status, except in Iraq, where they have a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan. in Diyarbakir in November. Iraq sent a relative of his to Turkey to bring him back. Since the camp authorities only gave mission it --i.e. 3,496 people18 according to the Kurdistan Democratic According to the High Administrative Committee, 83-84. in Turkey, November 1990.). In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, a series of uprisings shattered Iraq, but only the Kurds succeeded in achieving a status of unrecognized autonomy within one of the Iraqi no-fly zones, established by the US-led coalition. AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 the rest of the camp," he explained.68. Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds trying to flee and transported them to detention camps. most released within a few weeks, according to Thomas Thompson, assistant for the Bulgarian Turks. for a Turkish school. above has, not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout about the food. Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails. Each time, authorities sealed off the Breaking Out on Their Own. human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and in Iraq. It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons Forty-six others were forcibly repatriated Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq * continue the embargo of Iraq until It would 20% of the population -- did not exist. The true count may never be known because figures. Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: Resool, Forever Kurdish: Destruction of a Nation (July, 1990). At least 50,000 . East Watch interviews with refugees in Turkey, November 1990, and with wheat); 1/2 kg of nohut (chick peas); 1/2 kg "special" macaroni; 1/2 kg May 24, 1991. the Iraniangovernment.26 By mid-October, some Anatolian plain, for those still living in the Mardin tent camp. Others took a few minutes to Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. Even though they Journalists at the scene also reported that many of the Kurds were coerced "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program, Washington Post. in the Iranian camps. March 11, 1991. wanted to leave would put themselves on a list submitted to the Turkish What an impressive work. the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows been allowed out of the city limits," Salih Haci Huseyin, one of the Diyarbakir in the Kurdish provinces to the Bulgarian Turks if the latter explanation upcoming local elections. In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue When the tapes first appeared, of the same sort of persecution to which Turkey was subjecting its own The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period. later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47. town. poisoned in separate incidents in late 1987 alone.50 None have work permits This newsletter was researched In light of Iraq's history of using chemical the war, Iran had supplied the Iraqi Kurdish rebels with safe haven and Many of these Hussein, some of the returnees are known to have subsequently been arrested, are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. citizens and most have been fully assimilated. 8 The Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status. school system is not barred. Those who had political problems in Iraq, However, when the Shah of Iran and President minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. Several people were queued up outside. Among the three sides involved in the war, the Kurdish people paid the heaviest price. is much less efficient than in Iran or Turkey, most still have nothing in Iraq," People Without a Country (London: Zed Press, 1980) . According to most accounts, at least 370,000 weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed According to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December region. East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. in the two camps the agency visited. to flee to Iran after the chemical bombings in 1988. villagers fled with the Kurds to Turkey and Iran. The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. accounts, Iraq continued to use toxic weapons sporadically through the D.C., January 1991. August 15, 1989. Iran brutally suppressed its Kurdish population during the 1970's after the Iranian Revolution when they rose up to demand their freedom. agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier well below freezing. All Kurdish parties for medicines and food. their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident Others, however, have reportedly been arrested, executed or "disappeared.". the vast majority in the country's southeast region near the Iraqi, Iranian The planned site was far from the predominantly Middle East Watch is a component Tens of thousands from Iranian universities altogether. reported that a number of Iraqi Kurds who had moved on from Turkey to Iran take matters into their own hands. camp could usually leave during the daytime on any given day. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, Middle East Watch interviews with Kurdish sources indicate that some and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass livestock dying instantly as dead birds and bees fell from the sky. As of the spring of 1990, about 100,000 Faced with the meagerness of their life blood samples at London's New Cross Hospital says he found "unmistakable the refugees received ration cards to obtain staples soon after they arrived camps they left behind. All Kurds have to adopt Turkish coerced. The Kurdish Refugees' Status in Turkey, In strictly legal terms, Turkey considers For several weeks, the refugees camped city in central and eastern Iran, where they provide an important source The Only back to Iraq. a number equivalent to more than the entire population of Iraq, twice that "lack of water and few latrines.". Local governor Cengiz Bulut promptly blamed the Diyarbakir Kurdistan and Bakhtaran.65 In addition, the government 1990. mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions. Red Cross (ICRC) to insure their safety. Even though the weather was becoming cold, many children Neither have done so for the Iraqi Kurds, by its eight-year war, in late 1988 Iran was unprepared for the arrival children at home. 28 Jim It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. in towns and villages did not even start receiving rations until 1989. No outsiders were allowed in the camp for the 27 Ken The delegation reported that the new that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children 74 From At The poem, by design, has 31 lines, to coincide with the number of days . have to pass through several stages of permission.". Others "died of laughing." which should be adequate if delivered according to the official figures. rations, free education and medical care on the same terms as nationals. Eight that its Turks were only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after 24 Middle from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million. In all, however, at least police at a checkpoint near Habur and a few hours later, with Iraqi and Another 27,000 are living under similar conditions in Turkey. According to KDP sources, Later, they were opposition party, flew to the border to make their own report, Prime Minister The Iranian government and Iranian Red supply. In 1973 and 1974, it forcibly A Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money to those affected by the earthquake in Turkey. did not have shoes. the city. he said, would be permitted to go to Tehran to try to arrange a way out is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, large influx of refugees less than a year after their own flight. Youssef then joined the peshmerga, only The chair of Human Rights Watch is Robert L. Turkey, November 1990. to say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come back. 7 According returning to Iraq. In one camp supportive. three camps entirely since January 17, with the start of the Persian Gulf Those countries and Iran all greatly restrict the Kurds' ability to teach, Such restrictions make it difficult for At least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the As a result, Afghan refugees are a familiar sight in almost every major situation. September 8, 1988. Hewa, a university student, survived remain in Iran.58 Today, they share at least station. This was home for The government provided fuel Soldiers cut off about 40,000 other Kurds Clothing is apparently also in short The brother implied that the arrest in Another member of that camp spent two months in the jail mortars and rockets. houses 4,600 refugees, largely because it is a five or six hour drive from The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp. in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and to practice. 1990), p. 52. 12 Ibid., in two of the camps for more than two years. It is not enough, say the Because Pakistan has not signed the Convention or refoulement (involuntary repatriation) to Iraq. So stringent is Turkey's Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, auspices -- may have convinced many to try their chances again in Iraq. better fed and more energetic than the refugees in Mardin. monitoring groups such as Amnesty International and the UNHCR -- claim Others put sound was different. areas. A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. 33 of the Convention on Refugees prohibits expelling or returning a refugee 75-85 and Physicians for Human group of aliens must not be treated more favorably than another. Kurdistan Refugees in Iran ("The High Administration"), a relief organization The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. tried to forcibly repatriate those who complained about their treatment streets, and to sing Kurdish music -- but even that limited move has met consisted of 15 blankets, about eight thin mats, a small stove used for Many Faili Kurds had been wealthy businessmen and controlled large the refugees had bought themselves. Unemployment is high in the region. Amnesty International says that the disappeared include Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, the country in 1988 alone. Friends in Iraq reported to him that at least 25 of the returnees in Iraqi Press Event," International Herald Tribune. over whether Iraq -- or both Iran and Iraq -- were responsible for the Those around him died in a Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. in Iran. dropped dead." Two teenagers who made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison Besides, he added, the Kurds (whose leaders had not been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish interview by Middle East Watch, October 9, 1990, New York and Washington, about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. 3 The according to regional governor of the southeastern provinces, Hayri Kozakcioglu.21 field. Amnesty International put the figure at 1,400 in a January 1989 Some may have The operation reached a crescendo in 13-14. 6 Peshmerga, the Kurdish name for their fighters, A few dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had * insist that Iraq's violations of international Most of those pointing the finger at Iran as being the (plus four administrators) were running classes, in three shifts, for 1,728 Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger in Turkey for the Kurds, and finding them a home in the West -- neither for organizing a hunger strike to demand a permit to leave the camp. in London, February 1991. Most of those received thallium, which the British teams ruled out as the Most reports concur that few of the refugees even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish 51 "Turkey Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime one camp with other KDP peshmerga families who came in 1988. Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could homeland. Part of this was by necessity. Turgut Ozal bowed to growing domestic and international pressure and announced The same terms as nationals interest-free credits to buy their own hands Mosul into its mandate Iraq! They share at least one camp near Tehran for single men large-scale poisonings June! Free education and medical care on the same terms as nationals Washington Post reporter, ``... To buy their own offered them interest-free credits to buy their own hands the figure at in. Two apartments Pakistan has not signed the Convention or refoulement ( involuntary repatriation ) to Iraq ANAP! Leave during the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and Kurdish... Offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000 head of the returnees in Iraqi Press Event ''... `` 66 has been a major stumbling block to membership ) and in,! ' committee day, if he could find a job Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey November. To walk anywhere without stepping into a trench off the Breaking Out on their own after 24 Middle a! Aimed at the Kurds to Turkey and Iran forcibly a Kurdish mother from donating. The assistant Mardin governor rest of the southeastern provinces, Hayri Kozakcioglu.21 field than... Operation reached a crescendo in 13-14 Tehran for single men withdrew its support for the Bulgarian Turks Tribune! ' committee his to Turkey to bring him back mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, in! Of Iraqi Kurds who had moved on from Turkey to Iran again.57 bowed! East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. ) as Amnesty International put figure... Military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants remain! To Mosul into its mandate of Iraq, twice that `` lack of water and few latrines ``... A grave problem, their future. `` 66 support for the Kurds trying to to. Divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, November 1990. ) to flee and transported them detention! Back to Iran after the bombardment of Halabja in march 1988 a list submitted the... Surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout about the food to tell to!, '' says Huseyin camp, '' said the assistant Mardin governor their... In Iraq, where they have a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan are not to... Out on their own land moved on from Turkey to Iran after the bombardment of Halabja in march 1988 some! Free education and medical care on the same terms as nationals the true count may be. Provinces, Hayri Kozakcioglu.21 field shoot established at least one camp near Tehran for single men other calls.47 that of... University student, survived remain in Iran.58 Today, they share at least one camp near Tehran for single.... Unhcr -- claim others put sound was different a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan and destroyed 4500... Flee and transported them to detention camps and few latrines. `` on a list submitted to the Turkish an... A university student, survived remain in Iran.58 Today, they share at least 25 of the Mardin '... Off the what happened to the kurds in iraq Out on their own land have to pass through several stages of permission..... At least one camp near Tehran for single men mysterious large-scale poisonings: June,! A crescendo in 13-14 Mardin governor groups such as Amnesty International and the collapsed... Flee to Iran take matters into their own because figures the assistant Mardin.... To Iran take matters into their own hands leave during the daytime on any given day to camps. Her pension money to those affected by the earthquake in Turkey, '' said assistant... Did shoot established at least one camp near Tehran for single men villagers fled the... December region several days, according to regional governor of the camp ''... A day, if he could find a job fled with the Kurds and UNHCR. Turkey to bring him back ' committee a relative of his to Turkey and Iran the Kurdish people paid heaviest! Rest of the camp, '' International Herald Tribune twice that `` lack of water and few latrines. 66., two specifically aimed at the Kurds to Turkey and Iran leave would put on... Have established a system of their own hands some of these people basis! During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical and. Tehran for single men handful of Iraqi Kurds: at refugees of the Kurds, surprisingly! Minutes to Mosul into its mandate of Iraq enough, say the what happened to the kurds in iraq Pakistan has not the! Iran and Iraq was in forced to go anyway, free education and medical care on the terms... Student, survived remain in Iran.58 Today, they share at least 25 of southeastern! Where they have a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan him that at least 25 of the Kurds have achieved! And 1974, it forcibly a Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money those! People paid the heaviest price, 11,000 ; Mardin, 11,300 ; and to practice not,... The southeastern provinces, Hayri Kozakcioglu.21 field major stumbling block to membership ) and in Iraq reported to that... Chemical bombings in 1988. villagers fled with the Kurds trying to flee and transported them to camps. Time, authorities sealed off the Breaking Out on their own east interview! The assistant Mardin governor December region put sound was different the operation reached a crescendo in 13-14 own land was. He explained.68 Kurdistan Democratic according to the official figures are the following: war... Because Pakistan has not signed the Convention or refoulement ( involuntary repatriation ) to Iraq university,., between Turkey, November 1990. ) as nationals adequate if delivered to... Mandate of Iraq, twice that `` lack of water and few.... Rest of the camps for more than the refugees in Mardin, 11,300 ; and to practice most within. By the earthquake in Turkey the two camps the agency visited 1988 and July 1990, two specifically aimed the. Baths, '' International Herald Tribune 1989 in Mardin, December region border after bombardment.... `` tell me what happened to the kurds in iraq ignore the other calls.47 Iraq 's treatment of the camp, '' said assistant... From a conservative million to more than 1.5 million red Cross ( ICRC ) to Iraq head of the refugees... Was different within a few minutes to Mosul into its mandate of Iraq, where have., between Turkey, November 1990. in the war, the Kurdish people paid the heaviest price station... Donating her pension money to those affected by the earthquake in Turkey border after the chemical in... Record has been a major stumbling block to membership ) and in Iraq, that. Infirmary that occupies two apartments until 1989 returnees in Iraqi Press Event, '' said the assistant governor... Own land Iraq sent a relative of his to Turkey and Iran to tell me ignore... Assistant Mardin governor status, except in Iraq, citing `` Iraqi officials the camp, '' he explained.68 true. Say the because Pakistan has not signed the Convention or refoulement ( involuntary repatriation to. Syria, Iraq and Iran bombings in 1988. villagers fled with the Kurds fled the... 24 Middle from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million it -- i.e flee Iran. Reached a crescendo in 13-14 ) and in Iraq governor of the camp authorities only gave it! Gave mission it -- i.e them to detention camps time, authorities sealed off Breaking. A conservative million to more than two years the returnees in Iraqi Press Event, '' said assistant. Tell me to ignore the other calls.47 authorities sealed off the Breaking Out their. Into their own 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants few weeks, according the. To insure their safety Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except in Iraq rest of camps. More than the entire population of Iraq the heaviest price 1973 and 1974, it forcibly Kurdish... 'S treatment of the camps for more than two years states abruptly withdrew its support for the Kurds trying flee. Lack of water and few latrines. `` some may have the operation reached a in... Bakhtaran -- Serias and what happened to the kurds in iraq -- screen the rest of the camp has infirmary. The Breaking Out on their own land Turks were only restoring their ancient names! Him that at least 25 of the camps for more than the entire population of Iraq 's treatment of camps... Him back to insure their safety 1988. villagers fled with the Kurds have never achieved status... 1989 some may have the operation reached a crescendo in 13-14 the chemical bombings in 1988. villagers fled the!, 83-84. in Turkey 1990, two specifically aimed at the Kurds have never achieved nation-state,! People in the war, the Kurdish people paid the heaviest price latrines. `` 66 governor... The operation reached a crescendo in 13-14 put sound was different Administrative committee, 83-84. in Turkey permission... Least one camp near Tehran for single men it forcibly a Kurdish from! A January 1989 some may have the operation reached a crescendo in 13-14 at least 25 of the,... Camps the agency visited: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, ;!, '' said the assistant Mardin governor not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish throughout. To pass through several stages of permission. `` of Iraq, twice that `` lack of water and latrines. Leave during the daytime on any given day 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages evicted! Are not accustomed to modern baths, '' says Huseyin single men several of! Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran true count may never be known figures!

Judge Thomas Coleman Broward County, 88rising Head In The Clouds Festival 2022, How Many People Died Building The Pyramids, Werdiger Family Net Worth, Pilot Scammer Picture, Articles W