The most important early Pan-Africanists were Martin Delany and Alexander Crummel, both African Americans, and Edward Blyden, a West Indian. You can ask a new question or browse more history questions. As the growth of the cotton industry led inexorably to an increased demand for enslaved Africans, the prospect of slave rebellionsuch as the one that triumphed in Haiti in 1791drove slaveholders to make increased efforts to prevent a similar event from happening in the South. Their growing influence greatly dismayed many white southerners, who felt control slipping ever further away from them. . (1 point) A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Upon his return to Missouri, Scott sued for his freedom on the basis that his temporary removal to free soil had made him legally free. In the courts the . Despite his success on the field, however, he encountered hostility from both fans and other players. He ran again in 1988 and received 6.6 million votes, or 24 percent of the total primary vote, winning seven states and finishing second behind the eventual Democratic nominee, Michael Dukakis. In May 1961, CORE sent seven African Americans and six white Americans on a freedom ride on two buses from Washington, D.C. After an appeal by the local congressman and mayor of Little Rock to stop the violence, President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the states National Guard and sent 1,000 members of the U.S. Armys 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration of Central High School. From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. Milamdragged Till from his great uncles house in the middle of the night. In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman finally integrated the U.S. Armed Forces under an executive order mandating that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin., READ MORE: Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948. C) In the. C. They increased an owners control over enslaved African, A. By that time, the U.S. governments war on drugs had sent a disproportionate number of African Americans to prison, and by 2000, more Black men were incarcerated than in college. (She starred in both.) They kept the cattle moving and rounded up strays. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! Although the Supreme Court declared segregation of public schools illegal in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the decision was extremely difficult to enforce, as 11 southern states enacted resolutions interfering with, nullifying or protesting school desegregation. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work What factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? The Emancipation Proclamation prohibited slavery and recognized that African Americans should enjoy constitutional freedom like other Americans. It is A. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). How was the tragedy at Wounded Knee related to the Ghost Dance? In 1926, a controversial bestseller about Harlem life by the white novelist Carl von Vechten exemplified the attitude of many white urban sophisticates, who looked to Black culture as a window into a more primitive and vital way of life. The Southern economy was largely based on agriculture. Davis, claiming that his grades and test scores were higher than those of minority students who were admitted and accusing UC Davis of reverse discrimination. In June 1978, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of strict racial quotas was unconstitutional and that Bakke should be admitted; on the other hand, it held that institutions of higher education could rightfully use race as a criterion in admissions decisions in order to ensure diversity. In the summer of 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) urged white students from the North to travel to Mississippi, where they helped register Black voters and build schools for Black children. The Voting Rights Act sought to overcome the legal barriers that still existed at the state and local levels preventing Black citizens from exercising the right to vote given them by the 15th Amendment. He was later forced to call off the guard, and in the tense standoff that followed, TV cameras captured footage of white mobs converging on the Little Rock Nine outside the high school. On March 21, after a U.S. district court ordered Alabama to permit the Selma-Montgomery march, some 2,000 marchers set out on the three-day journey, this time protected by U.S. Army troops and Alabama National Guard forces under federal control. The expansion of major rail lines linking the West and the East enabled people and supplies to move cheaply. Instead of waiting for Terry, the lieutenant colonel chose to wage an immediate attack. In this excerpt, Terence Powderly is trying to separate the Knights of Labor from the actions of anarchists in, In the text, you read this about the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union: Hunters could chase herds to hunt individual buffalo. Later, SNCC would mount an organized resistance to the Vietnam War. The Fair Housing Act of 1968, meant as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, marked the last great legislative achievement of the civil rights era. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? Ranchers employed cowhands to tend their cattle and drive herds to market. President Theodore Roosevelt, 1901 B. Their only hope, according to him, was to flee America and return to Africa to build a country of their own. Agreeing to the treaty meant accepting a more stationary life, and relying on government-supplied subsidies. What industry's decline would hurt the southern economy the most? Robinson played his first game with the Dodgers on April 15, 1947; he led the National League in stolen bases that season, earning Rookie of the Year honors. Its influence had stretched around the world, opening the doors of mainstream culture to Black artists and writers. Pay special attention to Judiths characterization of the elderly Sikh couple as lovely people motivated by stubbornness and ignorance (para. Despite the efforts of the ILGWU and other labor groups, most women with factory jobs did not join unions. 3.Which battle did Lincoln use to take action against slavery? What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting illustrate? (1 point) A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Based on this selection, which policy would the Populist Party be mostly likely to support? On the day of the Senate vote, however, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. Governor George Wallace was a leading foe of desegregation, and Birmingham had one of the strongest and most violent chapters of the Ku Klux Klan. During the Great Migration, Harlem became a destination neighborhood, particularly for African Americans who had left the south in search of new opportunities. What factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? After Allan Bakke, a white California man, applied twice without success, he sued U.C. C.in the border states of maryland missouri Kentucky and West Virginia Along with the Civil Rights Act of the previous year, the Voting Rights Act was one of the most expansive pieces of civil rights legislation in American history, and it greatly reduced the disparity between Black and white voters in the U.S. The state gained the right to decide local matters. In what way did the nation's growing transportation system help promote economic growth? READ MORE:Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Which of the following contributed most to this process towards statehood? Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. Over the next years, however, there was little decrease in housing segregation, and violence arose from Black efforts to seek housing in white neighborhoods. What negative impact did the steel mills have? After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. How does Shailas attitude toward Judith change during the course of the story? Segregation was made law several times in 18th- and 19th-century America as some believed that Black and white people were incapable of coexisting. On the strength of his Rainbow/PUSH Coalition, he placed third in the primaries, propelled by a surge of Black voter participation. The act also guaranteed equal voting rights by removing biased registration requirements and procedures and authorized the U.S. Office of Education to provide aid to assist with school desegregation. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? Custer found Sitting Bull encamped [based] on the Little Bighorn River in Montana. They were established as a step toward legal freedoms for African Americans C. They increased an owner's control over their enslaved. Birmingham had become a leading focus of the civil rights movement by the spring of 1963 when Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested there while leading supporters of his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in a nonviolent campaign of demonstrations against segregation. Hoping to entrap Sitting Bull in the Little Big Horn area, Terry ordered Custer to follow the Rosebud River while he brought the majority of the men down the Yellowstone River. Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. Which of the following contributed most to the trend shown on the chart? After his retirement from the military in 1993, many people began floating his name as a possible presidential candidate. George Washington Carver, another formerly enslaved man and the head of Tuskegees agriculture department, helped liberate the South from its reliance on cotton by convincing farmers to plant peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes in order to rejuvenate the exhausted soil. In 1923, the U.S. government successfully prosecuted and convicted Garvey for mail fraud in connection with selling stock in his Black Star Line shipping company. I was wrong about 5. Giving American Indians land that would be useful for farming. The Justice Department eventually indicted 19 men for violating the three volunteers civil rights (the only charge that would give the federal government jurisdiction over the case) and after a three-year-long legal battle, the men finally went on trial in Jackson, Mississippi. Cities in the East and West increased in population. regulating railroad rates to help farmers. A series of deaths of Black Americans at the hands of police officers continued to spark outrage and protests, including Eric Garner in New York City, Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, Tamir Rice in Cleveland Ohio and Freddie Gray in Baltimore, Maryland. Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. First established in Chicago, the NAACP had expanded to more than 400 locations by 1921. He was reelected in 2012. . Congress required southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment and enact universal male suffrage before they could rejoin the Union, and the state constitutions during those years were the most progressive in the regions history. Local law enforcement responded, but slowly, and U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy eventually ordered State Highway Patrol protection for the freedom riders to continue to Montgomery, Alabama, where they again encountered violent resistance. to ensure a complex business ran smoothly. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-milestones. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. King, called off the boycott on December 20, and Rosa Parksknown as the mother of the civil rights movementwould be one of the first to ride the newly desegregated buses. C.The Emancipation Proclamation They continued to work long hours for low pay. African. 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