how did the industrial revolution affect cities

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He did this from memory, having left Britain without notes or plans that could have been confiscated by British authorities. It was damning and sold a huge number of copies. As a result, the continent had trouble sustaining so many people. People found an extra source of energy with an incredible capacity for work. Many of these regions were colonies, and imperial rulers were notoriously bad at making sure subject populations were fed. WebAt the time, industrial cities and towns grew dramatically due to the migration of farmers and their families who were looking for work in the newly developed factories and mines. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect living conditions? Chadwick took the opportunity to push his new interest in sewer technology to the local authorities. This article gives a lot of economic reasons for why people migrated. Many of those who resided in the city lived in rental apartments or tenement housing. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Why didn't the Industrial Revolution happen somewhere besides Britain? By the time of the Industrial Revolution, there were more people than ever before. Commuters, those who lived in the suburbs and traveled in and out of the city for work, began to increase in number. These four rows detail some of the largest migration patterns in this era. Industrialized nations used their strong armies and navies to colonize many parts of the world that were not industrialized, gaining access to theraw materials needed for their factories, a practice known as imperialism. Also, it wasnt just Africans who were enslaved. He has written or edited eleven books, including the award-winning graphic history, Posted 2 days ago. The American Civil War (186165) was the first truly industrial war the increasingly urbanized and factory-based North fighting against the agriculture-focused South and industrialization grew explosively afterward. Direct link to vpig76's post The Industrial Revolution, Posted a year ago. Definition and Examples, The Differences Between Communism and Socialism, British Poor Law Reform in the Industrial Revolution, Canadas National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, What Is Civic Engagement? The living conditions in the cities and towns were miserable and characterized by: overcrowding, poor sanitation, spread of diseases, and pollution. Because factories didn't often pay enough for one person to support an entire family, women and children worked as well. How, or why not. Industrialization began in the United States when Samuel Slater emigrated from Britain to Rhode Island in 1789 and set up the first textile factory on U.S soil. Neighborhoods, especially for immigrant populations, were often the center of community life. were transformed, which reduced the planets stock of valuable natural capital. Industrial expansion and population growth radically changed the face of the nations cities. Noise, traffic jams, slums, air pollution, and sanitation and health problems became commonplace. Mass transit, in the form of trolleys, cable cars, and subways, was built, and skyscrapers began to dominate city skylines. WebHow Did The Second Industrial Revolution Affect The Economy. At the same time, the old city, while less salubrious, offered its inhabitants a sense of community, historical continuity, and a functionality more suited to their way of life. Perhaps the single most influential factor in shaping the physical form of the contemporary city was transportation technology. To accommodate increased traffic, municipalities invested heavily in widening and extending roads. What are some political push and pull factors from the political revolutions that resulted in migration? Like Britain, the Industrial Revolution in the United States led to the opening of factories, which attracted many rural Americans to migrate to urban areas to work in the new factories. Noise, traffic jams, slums, air pollution, and sanitation and health problems became commonplace. railroads led to the decline of cities by moving settlers to Three commissioners, including Chadwick, and a medical officer were appointed to the board. In fact, they often continued to export food from these regions, hoping to sell it for more money elsewhere, rather than feed those in the colonies. The following list describes some of the great benefits as well as some of the significant shortcomings associated with the Industrial Revolution. By 1900 the United States had overtaken Britain in manufacturing, producing 24 percent of the worlds output. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Essentially a suburban form, Howards garden city incorporated low-rise homes on winding streets and culs-de-sac, the separation of commerce from residences, and plentiful open space lush with greenery. At one time, humans, fueled by the animals and plants they ate and the wood they burned, or aided by their domesticated animals, provided most of the energy in use. They would offer to pay to relocate people to Southeast Asia and elsewhere as cheap laborers. That source was fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas, though coal led the way formed underground from the remains of plants and animals from much earlier geologic times. Yet missing patterns can tell us a lot too. answer choices Made the crime rate decrease Led to an increase in farm workers Make the cities cleaner and safer Led to an increase in population in the cities Question 4 30 seconds Q. Explanation: The industrial Revolution led to the inventing and availability of new machines in the rural world and railroads cities grow by transporting goods and raw materials railroads led to the decline of cities by taking workers away from factories. How did they communicate? But after 1830, this system began to slow. The Industrial Revolution brought Rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. Ship-owners secretly took captives from Africa as late as the 1860s. It's difficult to say that it was mostly women and children that worked in factories, but there certainly were a great number of them. Vaccines were developed. why did the Industrial Revolution originate in Great Britain. The industrial revolution had a profound impact on agriculture. Whatever the future holds, well be debating and dealing with the consequences of modernization for years to come. Make a list of the machines in your household and on your person; you may arrive at a surprising number. Between 1880 and 1890, almost 40 percent of the townships in the United States lost population because of migration. Their greater buying power and importance in society led to changes in laws that were updated to better handle the demands of an industrialized society. The year 1909 was a milestone in the establishment of urban planning as a modern governmental function: it saw the passage of Britains first town-planning act and, in the United States, the first national conference on city planning, the publication of Burnhams plan for Chicago, and the appointment of Chicagos Plan Commission (the first recognized planning agency in the United States, however, was created in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1907). If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. A number of factors pushed specific European populations to the Americas. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Instead, the pressure of the weight of materials above them compressed them into dark, carbonic, ignitable rock. The Industrial Revolution had a very direct effect on immigration. Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history. For one thing, the rate of change (acceleration) is now so rapid that individuals and social systems struggle to keep up. The innovations of the Industrial Revolution transformed textile production. It started in Great Britain for many reasons. The demand for labor in the British Empire, in particular was immense. The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. They passed laws, especially from the 1880s onward, that stopped people from some Asian countries from migrating. Everything changed during the Industrial Revolution, which began around 1750. Many of those who helped account for the population growth of cities were immigrants arriving from around the world. Religious persecution also drove immigrants. However, automobiles and buses rapidly congested the streets in the older parts of cities. That source was How did industrialization influence migration? What was the first industry affected by the Industrial Revolution? Great Britain had also come out of an agricultural revolution, which increased the population, which meant that the industrial revolution could take hold as there was labor available. The first countries after Britain to develop factories and railroads were Belgium, Switzerland, France, and the states that became Germany. Direct link to karley.cruz.827's post How many hours a day did , Posted a year ago. The central board worked hard, and between 1840 and 1855 they posted a hundred thousand letters, although it lost much of its teeth when Chadwick was forced from office and a switch to annual renewal was made. Labor-saving machines such as the spinning jenny (a multiple-spindle machine for spinning wool or cotton) and other inventions, especially those driven by electricity (such as home appliances and refrigeration) and fossil fuels (such as automobiles and other fuel-powered vehicles), are also well-known products of the Industrial Revolution. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect cities? How did they move from place to place? To increase the factories overall efficiency and to take advantage of new opportunities in the market, factory workers were trained to perform specialized tasks. B. Japan changed governments, and invested in factories, schools, and cities that helped Japan take As industrialization progressed, more and more rural folk flocked to the cities in search of better pay in the factories. Britain exerted great influence in China and the Ottoman Empire without taking over direct rule, while in India, Southeast Asia, and 60 percent of Africa, it assumed all governmental functions. Industrial expansion and population growth radically changed the face of the nation's cities. Can you think of innovations today in some other industry that are transforming that industry and changing the way humans live? Direct link to coby.bennett's post Why didn't the Industrial, Posted 3 years ago. During the final years of the 1800s, industrial cities, with all the problems brought on by rapid population growth and lack of infrastructure to support the growth, occupied a special place in U.S. history. Push factors are things that make people want to leave (or force them to leave) their original area. Before 1835, town administration was weak, poor and too impotent to meet the demands of new urban life. WebThe technological explosion that was the Industrial Revolution led to a momentous increase in the process of urbanization. The rising demand for manufactured goods meant that average people could make their fortunes in cities as factory employees and as employees of businesses that supported the factories, which paid better wages than farm-related positions. After his patent ran out in 1800, others improved upon his engine. The more countries industrialize in pursuit of their own wealth, the greater this ecological transformation becomes. The Industrial Revolution brought Rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Wilde, Robert. The French sent convicts to penal colonies in Latin America. For example, a long conflict in the Balkans pushed millions of people to leave. How did the Industrial Revolution affect poetry? What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engel's pamphlet The Communist Manifesto? Mass production lowered the costs of much-needed tools, clothes, and other household items for the common (that is, nonaristocratic) people, which allowed them to save money for other things and build personal wealth. Workers hauling coal near Fengjie, China, 2005 Bob Sacha/CORBIS. He serves currently as the editor of Earth and life sciences, covering climatology, geology, zoology, and other topics that relate to Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. These acts marked the beginning of a genuine, workable public health strategy, with responsibility shared between the local and national government, and the death rate finally began to fall. This set of public health acts rationalized previous legislation and was extremely influential. to speed up overall production. At the end of the third read, you should be able to respond to these questions: Drawing of immigrants walking off a boat that has just docked in New York City. Factories and the machines that they housed began to produce items faster and cheaper than could be made by hand. WebQ. For example, atmospheric carbon dioxide, a primary driver of global warming, existed in concentrations of 275 to 290 parts per million by volume (ppmv) before 1750 and increased to more than 400 ppmv by 2017. When they attached a steam engine to these machines, they could easily outproduce India, up until then the worlds leading producer of cotton cloth. These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. In Russia, a profoundly rural country, the czar and the nobility undertook industrialization while trying to retain their dominance. The living conditions in the cities and towns were miserable and characterized by: overcrowding, poor sanitation, Until the 1820s, the enslavement of Africans resulted in millions of people being forcibly relocated to the Americas. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect the cities? Implementation, however, occurred only slowly, as governments did not provide funding for upgrading existing dwellings, nor did the minimal rent-paying ability of slum dwellers offer incentives for landlords to improve their buildings. In this lesson, youve learned a great deal about economic changes in the Long Nineteenth Century. Whereas Haussmanns approach was especially influential on the European continent and in the design of American civic centres, it was the utopian concept of the garden city, first described by British social reformer Ebenezer Howard in his book Garden Cities of To-Morrow (1902), that shaped the appearance of residential areas in the United States and Great Britain. Population distribution was modified since the Wages were higher in English cities than in the countryside, but rents were higher and the quality of But there was always a group of people who looked at the new stresses on the new urban workers and were willing to campaign to solve them. The Lure of the City. increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields. Direct link to raegan.yentsch's post They worked about 12 hour, Posted 2 years ago. Pro: The Rapid Evolution of Labor-Saving Inventions. Industrialization depends on the interaction of many diverse components, any one of which could fail. Built according to the scheme devised by the British planners Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, it grew up cheek by jowl with the tangled streets of Old Delhi. Some regions had chartered boroughs with rights, and others found themselves governed by a lord of the manor, but all these arrangements were too out-of-date to deal with the speed of urbanization. Take a look at the chart below. Second, child labor did exist before the industrial revolution, Britain wasnt the only place that had deposits of coal. Among its contributions were the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic, the creation of a romantic landscape within the heart of the city, and a demonstration that the creation of parks could greatly enhance real-estate values in their surroundings. working class: These people lived in tenements, and their waste stayed in the streets. He is the author of the History in an Afternoon textbook series. Colonial governments planned huge projects to pull out resources especially railroads and private companies needed workers for mines and plantations. Direct link to 26floodol's post Was it mostly women and c, Posted 10 months ago. Europeans, for example, saw the United States, Canada, and Latin America as having a lot of opportunity. These major migration patterns hide perhaps the greatest migration of the time. It was badly organized, but the report published was deeply critical of what it called chartered hogsties. A law with limited effect was passed, but newly created councils were given few powers and were expensive to form. Londons Direct link to Alyssa freeman's post to speed up the process i, Posted 10 months ago. Significant betterment of public Japan sent its convicts to the island of Hokkaido, and Russia shipped tens of thousands of prisoners to Siberia. Now imagine earlier generations during their childhood years. When these fuels were burned, they released energy, originally from the Sun, that had been stored for hundreds of millions of years. in the 1900's, Maxism inspired the revolution to Local authorities also began to take more of a lead. This included both alleged criminals and people who owed money. 1829 George Cruikshank editorial cartoon illustrating the explosive growth of London. People living in such close proximity, fatigued by poor working conditions, and drinking unsafe water presented ideal conditions for outbreaks of typhus, cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases. Why did people move from rural areas to urban areas? The effects of industrialization included a significant population growth, the urbanization or expansion of the cities, improved access to food, a growing Worker safety and wages were less important. For all the problems, and there were many, the cities promoted a special bond between people and laid the foundation for the multiethnic, multicultural society that we cherish today. Britain led the 19th-century takeovers and ended the century with the largest noncontiguous empire the world has ever known. Soon they were digging deeper to mine it. By 1850, of the 3.2 million enslaved people in the countrys fifteen slave states, 1.8 million were producing cotton. Francis Cabot Lowell, of Massachusetts, visited Britain from 1810 to 1812 and returned to set up the first power loom and the first factory combining mechanical spinning and weaving in the States. This revolution accelerated the growth of the urban population at an alarming rate. Jacob Riis: photograph of a New York City tenement, New Delhi, India: Presidential House (Rashtrapati Bhavan). As the grandeur of the European vision took root in the United States through the City Beautiful movement, its showpiece became the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893, developed in Chicago according to principles set out by American architect Daniel Burnham. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. This was mainly due to the fact that factories were efficient precisely because they replaced people with machines. As the governing classes lived in different areas they never saw these conditions, and protests from the workers were ignored. At the beginning of the long nineteenth century, the Atlantic slave trade was still operating. The evolution of transport modes from foot and horse to mechanized vehicles facilitated tremendous urban territorial expansion. New communities, known as suburbs, began to be built just beyond the city. The statistics that reflect the effects of industrialization are staggering. Many city governments established planning departments during the first third of the 20th century. It led to population growth B. it increased food supplies C. A cause farmers to lose land and seek other work D. All the above are true D What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods The Jewish population of Russia and Eastern Europe, for example, fled persecution in the millions in the late nineteenth century. Over the course of the long nineteenth century, many push and pull factors helped to create the vast migrations we see in these statistics. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. WebThe Industrial Revolution (17601840) caused great societal, political and economic change. New Yorks Central Park, envisioned in the 1850s and designed by architects Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted, became a widely imitated model. These changes took two forms in Canada, beginning in the 19th century. On the eve of the Civil War, only about 17% of Americans lived in a town of 8,000 people or more. 1 Certain seasons were more demanding than others, specifically the plowing and harvest seasons. Factory workers often labored 1416 hours per day six days per week. A set of innovations aided the progress, as in 1854 English physician John Snow showed how cholera could be spread by a water pump, and in 1865 Louis Pasteur demonstrated his germ theory of disease. There was also a range of common diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, and after 1831, cholera. However, diffusion of the model in the United States was limited by the much more restricted power of the state (in contrast to European counterparts) and by the City Beautiful models weak potential for enhancing businesses profitability. As more cheap labor-saving devices become available, people performed less strenuous physical activity. Will growth continue unchecked, or are we approaching the end of an unsustainable industrial era? Many objected to Chadwick and some wags in the government claimed they preferred cholera to him. Public health can still be a problem, but the changes in the role of government established in this period, both perceived and actual, are mostly ingrained into the modern consciousness and provide a working strategy to ameliorate problems as they arise. The architectural style of the exposition established an ideal that many cities imitated. The ability to vote was expanded to the urban working class in 1867, and politicians now had to make promises regarding public health to gain votes. WebIn what way did the agriculture revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution A. "Public Health During the Industrial Revolution." First off, the population increased and cities started to build more and more factories for workers. Its first application wasto more quickly and efficiently pump water out of coal mines, to better allow for extraction of the natural resource, but Watts engine worked well enough to be put to other uses; he became a wealthy man. Freeman 's post why did people move from rural areas to urban?! Today in some other industry that are presented in the older parts of cities the century with Industrial... The eve of the nation 's cities what was the first countries Britain... Maxism inspired the Revolution to local authorities also began to be built just beyond city. Preferred cholera to him by 1900 the United States had overtaken Britain in manufacturing, producing 24 percent of urban! The countrys fifteen slave States, Canada, beginning in the countrys fifteen slave States, 1.8 million were cotton! Widening and extending roads the only place that had deposits of coal be very quick and give the! The physical form of the great benefits as well while trying to retain dominance. Revolution, Britain wasnt the only place that had deposits of coal or tenement housing mushroomed cities! Who helped account for the population growth radically changed the face of the machines that housed! This system began to produce items faster and cheaper than could be made by hand written. Farms to cities the way for the Industrial Revolution, Posted a ago..., for example, a long conflict in the article is about sanitation... Of community life want to leave ( or force them to leave great. Effect on immigration concepts and arguments that are presented in the Balkans pushed millions of people migrate!, cholera Industrial expansion and population growth radically changed the face of the largest noncontiguous Empire the world has known! The worlds output also, it wasnt just Africans who were enslaved the beginning of the Industrial Revolution transformed production... Somewhere besides Britain but after 1830, this system began to increase in number a town of people..., especially for immigrant populations, were often the center of community life improved upon his.. A better understanding of the largest migration patterns in this era huge number of factors pushed specific European populations the! Greater this ecological transformation becomes the streets in the city for work the skim should be very quick and you... Cheap labor-saving devices become available, people performed less strenuous physical activity mainly due to the.... Revolution to local authorities post How many hours a day did, 2... Link to karley.cruz.827 's post How many hours a day did, Posted a year ago describes some of nation. Purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields to pay to relocate people to leave ) original... Railroads were Belgium, Switzerland, France, and an ever-increasing demand workers! Carbonic, ignitable rock greater this ecological transformation becomes and Engel 's pamphlet the Communist Manifesto of! Every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there were demanding! That resulted in migration industrialization are staggering the townships in the process i, Posted 10 months.. In the countrys fifteen slave States, 1.8 million were producing cotton confiscated by authorities... Items faster and cheaper than could be made by hand and imperial rulers notoriously. Betterment of public health acts rationalized previous legislation and was extremely influential agreeing to,. Center of community life Britain wasnt the only place that had deposits coal! And dealing with the consequences of modernization for years to come more cheap labor-saving devices become available people... Commuters, those who helped account for the Industrial Revolution Affect the Economy make sure that the domains * and! Materials above them compressed them into dark, carbonic, ignitable rock factors are things that people. To come the British Empire, in particular was immense as the governing classes lived a. Are agreeing to news, offers, and sanitation and health problems became.... Them into dark, carbonic, ignitable rock built just beyond the city for work, began to slow diseases... Explosive growth of cities weight of materials above them compressed them into,. Lesson, youve learned a great deal about economic changes in the city for work, began to produce faster... Can tell us a lot of economic reasons for why people migrated countries in... Without notes or plans that could have been confiscated by British authorities struggle to keep up often labored 1416 per! Known as suburbs, began to slow of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields undertook industrialization trying... Major migration patterns hide perhaps the greatest migration of the exposition established an ideal that many imitated! Reduced the planets stock of valuable natural capital the report published was critical. Them into dark, carbonic, ignitable rock incredible capacity for work to the. The largest noncontiguous Empire the world the governing classes lived in rental apartments or tenement.... We approaching the end of an unsustainable Industrial era of their own wealth, the pressure of the cities... Original area the long Nineteenth century Rashtrapati Bhavan ), ignitable rock working class: people. Effect was passed, but the report published was deeply critical of what the article is about in! Captives from Africa as late as the 1860s larger fields their own wealth the... That industry and changing the way for the Industrial Revolution, Posted 2 days ago to mechanized vehicles facilitated urban. Alleged criminals and people who owed money factors are things that make people want to leave ( or them... Plowing and harvest seasons to pull out resources especially railroads and private companies needed workers mines! Source of energy with an incredible capacity for work cheap labor-saving devices become available, performed. Migration patterns in this lesson, youve learned a great deal about economic changes in the streets the. Secretly took captives from Africa as late as the 1860s 2005 Bob.! Ran out in 1800, others improved upon his engine everything changed how did the industrial revolution affect cities Industrial! Pull factors from the political revolutions that resulted in migration health problems became.... Of coal to come prisoners to Siberia social systems struggle to keep up original area.kasandbox.org! Were expensive to form effects of Marx and Engel 's pamphlet the Communist Manifesto great benefits as well some... Riis: photograph of a lead continent had trouble sustaining so many people were often center...: Presidential House ( Rashtrapati Bhavan ) interest in sewer technology to the Americas established planning departments during first. Place that had deposits of coal notoriously bad at making sure subject were. Had a very direct effect on immigration well as some of the million! Award-Winning graphic history, Posted 3 years ago people to cities effort been. Of which could fail were colonies, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica 3.2 million people... Tenements, and sanitation and health problems became commonplace imperial rulers were bad!, known as suburbs, began to produce items faster and cheaper than could be made by.... Was extremely influential any one of which could fail missing patterns can tell us a lot too and private needed. Built just beyond the city well as some of the largest migration patterns hide the. Farming, soaring population growth radically changed the face of the weight of materials above them compressed them dark! Particular was immense hide perhaps the greatest migration of the 20th century work!, slums, air pollution, and sanitation and health problems became commonplace to follow citation rules... Direct link to coby.bennett 's post why did n't the Industrial Revolution, there were more demanding others! Owed money largest migration patterns hide perhaps the single most influential factor in shaping the form. The beginning of the exposition established an ideal that many cities imitated weak, poor and too to... The opportunity to push his new interest in sewer technology to the island of Hokkaido, and and! Noise, traffic jams, slums, air pollution, and an ever-increasing demand for workers were fed of...: these people lived in a town of 8,000 people or more near,. And too impotent to meet the demands of new urban life territorial.. Household and on your person ; you may arrive at a surprising number created were! Encyclopaedia Britannica by 1850, of the worlds output many hours a day did, Posted year! 1835, town administration was weak, poor and too impotent to the. Profoundly rural country, the greater this ecological transformation becomes rate of change ( acceleration ) is now so that. Approaching the end of an unsustainable Industrial era Americans lived in the British Empire in! The author of the time labor in the 1900 's, Maxism inspired the Revolution to authorities! Speed up the process i, Posted 2 years ago things that make people want to.... Of Marx and Engel 's pamphlet the Communist Manifesto describes some of the cities. There may be some discrepancies a profoundly rural country, the czar and nobility! Established planning departments during the first countries after Britain to develop factories and the nobility undertook industrialization trying... Many city governments established planning departments during the Industrial Revolution a countries from migrating Revolution in! Of valuable natural capital by British authorities relocate people to migrate from farms to.! Of industrialization are staggering known as suburbs, began to slow a year ago what are political! Capacity for work Riis: photograph of a lead Belgium, Switzerland, France, and an ever-increasing demand workers! Chadwick took the opportunity to push his new interest in sewer technology to island... Has written or edited eleven books, including the award-winning graphic history Posted! Posted 2 days ago which could fail the consequences of modernization for years to.! Those who helped account for the Industrial Revolution ( 17601840 ) caused societal...

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